Thermal Expansion Assignment Sample

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• Subject Name : Science & Math

Difference Between Setting and Hardening of Concrete

1. Hardening is associated with formation of calcium silicate hydrate as cement continues the process of hydration. Setting of concrete refers to change of cement percentage in concrete to form a fluid to rigid state.

2. Water cement ratio Is inversly proportional to strength. As water cement ratio increase during mixing of concrete , there is a high chance of decrease in strength, where as for high strength concrete water cement ratio is considerably reduce to less than almost 0.4 to get a higher strength.

3. D10 refers to effective particle size which offers 10 % particles are finer and 90 % particles are coarser.

4. Gypsum is added to delay the setting time of cement, we could add gypsum as it contributes delay in setting.

5. There are several methods of curing depending on the type of construction . Some of them are steam curing, pond curing, sack curing and water tank curing.

6. Slump test accounts to workability of cement, workability is an important factor which contributes to overall strength of concrete.

7. Tensile stress is calculated as temperature change X Coefficient of thermal expandion X Youngs modulus = 0.0003

8. Hot gip galvanizing enhances the protection of steel in concrete. Hot gip galvanizing could prevent corrosion and enhances long life in environment.

9. Steel construction offers better ductility, reduce man power in site, usage of machineries and enhances prefabricated material usage which could improves speedy construction. It offers better strength and fire resistance.

10. W-PL / LL - PL = LI

0.55-0.25 / LL - 0.25 = LI

0.55-0.25 /0.68-0.25 = 0.697 (FROM GRAPH)

PI = 0.68-0.25 = 0.43

11. D10 - 0.3

D30 - 0.45

D50 - 0.9

D60 -1.5

Uniformity coefficient - D60/D10 = 1.5/0.3 = 5 (4-6) , here value 5 is between 4 to 6 which is well graded

Coefficient of curvature - D302 //D10 x D 60 = 0.45 x 0.45 / 0.3 x 1.5 =0.45

12. Some methods includes usage of vibratory rammers, tractor compaction , roller compaction, back hoe compaction

13 and 15 are hand written pls see

14. Two strings were hung from a support and two pans were attached to both the strings.

Weights are kept on both the pans.

When the number of weights in second pan was increased, the string got stretched and moved in downward direction.

The change in length was measured by the metre scale which was kept on reference wire.

Using this experiment, the Young’s modulus value was calculated

Y= longitudinal stress/ longitudinal strain = σ/ ε

= (F/A)/ (ΔL/L)

Where original length = L and ΔL = change in length, F=mg (acting downwards) and A (area of cross-section of wire) = πr2

= (mg/ πr2)/ (ΔL/L)

Y= mgL/ πr2 ΔL

This is the way to calculate the Young’s modulus

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